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Introduction The
training programmes were to designed to impart the latest knowledge to the
farmers through work experience by applying the principles of ?Teaching
by Doing? and ?Learning by doing?. Krishi
Vigyan Kendra was started on recommendation given by Mohan
Singh Mehta Committee. The first KVK was established during 1974 at
Pondichery under the administrative control of Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University, Coimbatore. The
aims of the KVKs are to plan and conduct surveys of the operational areas
through Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) or Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
methods to make an inventory and characterize the physical and human
resources with special reference to identification of technological needs
and training of the farming community. Their major features are given
below. i.
To compile all relevant recommendations or package
of practices for the district to be meaningfully utilized in training
programmes and the follow-up extension activities. ii.
To plan and conduct production oriented and
need-based short-as well as long-duration training course both on the
campus and in the villages for various target groups, with priority on the
source-poor sections. iii.
To organize Farm Science Clubs to include in the
younger generation a scientific temper and an interest in agriculture and
allied sciences and for scientific farming through supervised individual
and group projects. iv.
To develop and maintain the campus farms and
demonstration units on scientific lines as facilities for providing work
experience to the trainees, dissemination of the latest technical know-how
and also as a means to achieve financial sustainability in due course of
time. v.
To provide practical training facilities of Kendra
to the teachers and the students of vocational agriculture of the higher
secondary schools. vi.
To provide added training facilities in the area for
home making and nutrition education for rural community and gradually
enlarging the training facilities to encompass other important areas such
as home crafts and cottage industries with the requirements of the
integrated rural development in collaboration with the concerned
organizations. vii.
To implement all such schemes of the ICAR and other
related organizations they intend to strengthen the training and
technology dissemination programmes as well as follow-up extension
activities of Kendra. viii.
To undertake on-farm testing of the technologies
developed by the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in
agriculture and allied aspects for their suitability and identify the
constraints and further feedback. ix.
To demonstrate the potentials of various
technologies and recommend for their adoption for maximizing the yield or
income per unit of time and under different resource conditions.
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Farm Science Centre)
carry out its work from Nagaland University, Headquarter : Lumami funded
by ICAR.
Zunheboto District is situated in the heart of Nagaland and is
bounded by Mokokchung district in the East and Wokha district in the West. Zunheboto
is the home of the Sumis. Sumis are considered to be the Martial tribe
among the Nagas. They have their colourful dance and songs. Their
ceremonial war dresses are worth seeing. Tuluni is one of the most
important festivals. It is observed in the second week of July every year.
PEOPLE Zunheboto
is the home of the Semas. They are famous for their colourful war dances
and folk songs. Sumis in general in those days had so many traditional
festivals in sequence of seasons of the year. Even these days, two main
festivals, Tulunih and Ahunah are celebrated with gaity and grandeour by
young and old. SOCIO-ECONOMIC
STATUS: The
inhabitants of every Semas are living together in harmony without any
discreminations or distinction, speaking the one language ie. Sema. The
people are hard workers, the main stay of people's livelihood is shifting
cultivation except the people living on the bank of Tizu river, where 70%
practice terrace cultivation. With the advent of christianity, people have
adjured animistic practice 99% of the population are Christians TOPOGRAPHY:
There are high hills spread over many areas of the district. The hills
vary from 450 to 2500 metres and most
people live between1500 - 2000 metres altitude. The Altitude of the
district HQ. (ZBTO) is 1874.22 mtrs. above sea level. (Most of the
population reside in rural areas. Zunheboto Town is the only designated
urban area of the district.) CLIMATE & RAINFALL.: Owing
to the high altitude, this district enjoys a monsoon climate almost
throughout the year. Winters are very cold but summers moderately warm.
December and January are the coldest part of the season at about 10?C.
The highest temperature is about 30? C. The average rainfall is about 200
cm. It falls for nine months in a year, heaviest contribution being in
July and August. SOIL: Almost all the soils of
the Zunheboto district belongs to the following classes/orders.There are
alluvial soil, Forest soil(organic) pertaining to moolisol, non-laterised
soil and soils of high altitudes belonging to order spodosals. RIVERS: There are three
important rivers in the district, viz, Tizu river originating in Tuensang
district flows down towards south crossing at the centre of Zunheboto
district and join Chindwin. Doyang river originating in Japfu passes
through west part of the district and joins Dhansiri in Assam. Tsutha
river, originating in North East of Zunheboto drains eastern part of the
district and joins Tizu below Nihoshe village, where a Mini Hydel Power
project is located. Most of the area under terrace cultivation on Tizu,
Tsutha and Mela a tributary of Tizu river. AGRICULTURE:
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people. The main form of
cultivation is Jhum which means, Shifting cultivation. In Jhum field,
Paddy, Millet, Maize,Taro or Kuchhu, (colocasea) French bean, potato,
pumkin, cucumber, chilly and several varities of gourd are grown.Terrace
cultivation is practiced along the banks of Tizu, Tsutha and Mela, a
tributary of Tizu river. However, terrace cultivation, hardly occupies
about 20% of the cultivable land.The yield of paddy per hectre under Jhum
cultivation is much lower than the production per hectre under Terrace
cultivation. There is however, great scope for increasing the yield per
hectre through extending the cultivation to new area, increasing
irrigation facilities, use of HYVseeds, fertilisers and through soil and
water conservation measures. Most of the cultivated land
belong to the village chief or few individuals. Land are given to the
landless individuals for cultivation on tenancy basis in rotation. The
average size of holding varies between 1.0 hectre to 45 hectres :
except,where land is converted into bench Terrace, the ownership of the
land is vested with the villages. Use of land and its inheritance is
governed by inherited customary unwritten laws and decision taken by the
Head G.B. is final. The important reasons for
poor productivity in the agriculture are: 1.Due to absence of ownership
right of the individuals in the cultivated land and the farmer's lack of
interest and enthusiasm to make any improvement of permanent nature to the
land holdings. 2.Practice of Jhuming as main
form of cultivation and non adoption of improved agricutlural practices. 3.Poor fertility of soil due to
fast run off and erosion. 4.Complete dependence on
rainfall during summer, which facilitates only one crop. There is urgent need to
concentrate on certain aspects to improve the productivity by way of
diversifying farming into new area, by providing Agri link roads and also
by extending the area under settled cultivation. The department is also
undertaking the following major projects:- 2. NWDPRA - national Water shed
Development Programme for Rainfed Area. So far 10 Projects are under
implementation. 3. ICDP - Integrated Cereal
Development Programme. 4. NCDP - National Pulses
Development Programme. 5. OPP - Oil seeds Production
Programme. 6. AMDP - Accelerated Maize
Development Programme. The department declared the
year of 2001 as year of Rice and Maize where addittional area covered
under rice was 510 Ha. and maize was 467 Ha. with the production of 1352.
and 1307.6MT of rice and maize respectively. District Profile: 1. AREA : 1255
kMS. MALE 49745 TULUNIH - 8th
JULY (a) ZUNHEBOTO(Dist.HQ) 8. RURAL
DEVELOPMENTBLOCKS : 1.GHATHASHI 9. POLICE
OUTPOST : 1. SATOI 10. Number
Of Hospital : 04 Zunheboto (b)RURAL BANK
: Pughoboto (c)NAGALAND STATE CO-OPERATIVE BANK: Zunheboto
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